Les articles de Yannick Espuga

"Financing renewable energy projects is not just a choice for us [at Finergreen]; it's part of our DNA, shaping the very essence of the projects we choose to support.” Anne Bouju is a Project Finance & M&A Analyst at Finergreen, an advisory boutique dedicated to energy transition. A dual-degree Master’s graduate from EDHEC and Mines Paris, Anne joined Finergreen in 2023 after varied internship experiences in both M&A and Private Equity. In this interview, Anne touches upon her academic and professional experiences. She also explains what project finance entails, the specificities of Finergreen, and shares advice for students looking to pursue a career in the sector. Happy reading! Hello Anne, nice to meet you and thank you for taking the time to speak with us. Please could you please tell us a bit about yourself? Certainly, thank you for having me. I'm a former student from EDHEC, where I completed a dual master's degree in collaboration with Mines Paris, specializing in climate change and sustainable finance. During my gap year, I interned at Tikehau Capital, Golding Capital Partners in Munich and Deutsche Bank in London. These internships provided me with a comprehensive view of various infrastructure deals, particularly in the EV charging sector. I acquired significant modelling experience and a nuanced understanding of risks associated with infrastructure financing. Outside of work, I have a passion for travel and playing the violin. With work experiences in Germany, the UK, France, and living in Mexico, I'm fluent in four languages. Recently, I undertook my end-of-studies internship at Finergreen, contributing to the Project Finance and M&A team. This opportunity resulted in me securing a permanent position as an Analyst within the firm. Did you intentionally shape your career trajectory towards project finance, or was it a path that you discovered through your internships? It all came together for me. I really enjoyed the infrastructure deals from my past experiences and found satisfaction in structured financing and Excel modelling during my internships. That's why I opted for project finance—a perfect mix of modelling and interesting deals. That's more or less how I ended up in project finance in my career. Let's talk about project finance. How might you describe project finance to someone who doesn’t have a clear idea about what it entails? In a nutshell, project finance is a type of financing used to finance infrastructure projects with a long lifetime horizon, ranging from 20 to 40 years. For instance, telecom infrastructures, roadways, public infrastructures such as schools or buildings. The term infrastructure is very broad, it can range from roadways to jails. At Finergreen, we focus on  renewables energy deals involving solar plants, wind farms etc. The particularity of this type of financing is that it involves a high level of debt to boost your project's Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Moreover, it operates under a non-recourse financing model, meaning that in the event of project failure, banks cannot turn to the project initiator's balance sheets for guarantees. In conventional company investments, assets on the balance sheet serve as collateral, providing recourse in case of bankruptcy. However, in project finance, this dynamic differs. The process initiates with Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), which lack initial balance sheets. Consequently, when making an investment, there is no initial collateral to claim. Similar to any financing approach, project finance typically involves modelling future cash flows based on the terms and covenants outlined in various contracts. The objective is to identify the optimal financial outcome while adhering to all constraints and aligning with everyone's preferences to achieve the best possible yield. What are the main funding sources for projects, especially when collateral is unavailable? How do you assess and select the most appropriate financing options for various project types? In project finance, the primary choices are between debt and equity. The dynamic lies in optimizing the debt-equity balance. While equity investors aim to increase their equity internal rate of return (IRR) by incorporating more debt, lenders, usually banks, seek to minimize debt exposure to mitigate risks. As financial advisors, our task is to harmonize these divergent interests, maximizing the use of debt within the boundaries of bank constraints to ensure prudent risk management in project financing. Could you walk us through the step-by-step process of project financing for a sustainable development project? Starting from the moment the client knocks at Finergreen's door to the moment the project is completed. The project unfolds in three key phases. First is the preparation phase, where an information package is drafted for potential banks, contracts are scrutinized, and project conditions are gathered. Financial modelling is then undertaken to compute future cash flows and optimize debt size while adhering to the expected covenants, including sizing and other constraints. The second phase involves consultation, where suitable banks are identified, and a competitive environment is created through Q&A exchanges. The final stage is execution, encompassing due diligence, a thorough review of the financial model, technical assessments, and the eventual signing of documentation to complete the transaction. In the initial phase, you mentioned reviewing contracts. Which aspects do you pay attention to? Contracts are essential to large infrastructure projects, as they set out roles and responsibilities between parties over the project life, as well as the financial terms for each party. As financial advisors, we don't possess strong views on the contracts from a legal perspective, but we rely on our market knowledge and internal benchmarks. Our clients usually have existing agreements and contracts in place. They rely on us to secure the optimal financing structure from investors while working with those existing contracts, which we have to understand and analyse. Throughout the process, we work directly with the client and the investors and lenders on these aspects. Could you elaborate on your key responsibilities and tasks throughout these steps? Certainly. My role spans all stages of the process. I actively support the team and participate in calls, learning extensively from senior members. My main tasks involve reviewing contracts, translating them effectively into the financial model, sizing the deal, and preparing presentations for investors, banks, and other stakeholders. Essentially, I orchestrate the entire process to ensure smooth execution according to plan. Have you had the opportunity to present to banks and investors as an analyst, or is that something typically done at a more senior level? Yes, I have presented during weekly calls for smaller updates. However, major presentations for the entire transaction are usually led by more senior team members, providing in-depth details to investors and banks. What would you say is the most challenging part of your day-to-day job? The most challenging aspect of my daily work, in a positive sense, revolves around refining the financial model to accurately mirror real-world dynamics and achieve the optimal valuation. It's intriguing to witness how investors respond to the valuation and the diverse calculations they bring to the table. The challenge lies in finding the right balance that aligns with both investor expectations and our client’s desired outcomes. On a related note, is there a negotiation phase, and at what level do you typically get involved? While I may attend high-level negotiation meetings, I don't directly engage in the discussions. My role is more about analysing and challenging offers, emphasizing competition to best explain to the client how the different offers valuation and conditions may impact their financial transaction. It's an analysis involvement rather than direct negotiation. Thanks for that insight. Shifting gears back to Finergreen and its focus on sustainability, how do you ensure that the projects you work on have a positive environmental and social impact? Finergreen relies on a fully independent team with extensive experience in the dynamic market. Our commitment to the energy transition industry is deeply ingrained, ensuring that the projects we endorse have a positive impact is integral to our identity. Since our inception, we have been dedicated to expediting the growth of renewables, particularly in developing markets with increasing demands for dependable and sustainable energy solutions. Financing renewable energy projects is not just a choice for us; it's part of our DNA, shaping the very essence of the projects we choose to support. What factors contribute to Finergreen's specialization? Is it primarily the network, the clients, or the investors that set you apart in the field of the energy transition and renewable energy? It's a combination of everything. Starting as specialists in the energy transition has allowed us to build an extensive network of investors eager to contribute to this field. Working exclusively on transactions within this domain means that our network, clients, and investors are aligned with our focus. This specialization not only enhances our network but also impacts our modelling practices. Dealing exclusively with these transactions enables us to be highly attuned to market practices and factors, facilitating quicker and more accurate translation of real-world information into our financial models. Alright, thank you. Let's shift to a question that students often ask. What educational background and skills do you consider essential for someone interested in pursuing a career in project finance at a boutique like Finergreen, and how can one gain relevant experience? Ideally, a robust educational background includes a postgraduate degree in engineering and business from institutions like EDHEC, for example. This profile is particularly valuable, covering both modelling and analytical skills, which are substantial aspects of our work at Finergreen. Exposure to finance-related courses further enhances understanding of the field and negotiation processes. In addition to education, possessing a genuine interest in modelling, proactiveness, and meticulous attention to detail are pivotal. Given the intricate nature and scale of models, precision and curiosity are key attributes. In terms of gaining professional experience, undertaking internships in finance-related roles or even working on the client's side with developer companies, such as solar or wind developers, can be a valuable starting point. This hands-on experience offers insights into the financing aspects of projects, providing a well-rounded perspective crucial for a successful career in project finance. As an analyst, could you share more about the balance between your professional and personal life at Finergreen? Absolutely, I have a fantastic balance. Despite Finergreen being an IB boutique, there's room for personal time. I, for instance, play the violin, and they've been supportive, allowing me to attend orchestra rehearsals every Monday. As long as the team is informed and the work is done on time, it's encouraged. Many colleagues engage in activities like running at lunch. While there are occasional periods of heightened workload, overall, the balance is well-maintained. And now, another question often on students' minds: what time do you typically finish work as an M&A analyst? Generally, on an average day, I wrap up at around 8:30pm in the evening, which is quite standard in this industry. Let’s talk about the recruitment processes here at Finergreen. What kind of offers do you have right now? What is the process for getting recruited here? In Paris, we hire one to three interns, twice a year, generally in winter and summer depending on our needs and the schools agendas. We try to hire various and diverse profiles from different schools and universities and there is a balance between gap-year students and end-of-studies interns. Finergreen puts its best efforts in training the interns who are an integral part of the team for the six months they spend with us. In order for interns to have a good vision of the business and have the chance to be part of a mandate from the beginning to the end, we don’t offer summer internships or apprenticeships. The structured and thorough selection process lasts about one month, from posting the offer to the final acceptance and includes two interviews covering both fit and practical cases, each lasting about one hour. After two successful interviews, the interns will get an offer letter. Imagine that I've completed my studies, and am doing a 6-month internship with Finergreen. If all goes well during the internship, could there be an opportunity for a full-time offer afterward? Certainly, and at Finergreen, interns are truly valued. Throughout your internship, you'll have the remarkable chance to participate in our highly regarded in-house financial modelling training. It's a highlight of the internship, allowing you to construct a model from scratch and acquire extensive knowledge about modelling and related skills. Given the substantial investment in this training,  Finergreen intends to retain talent post-internship. While we are actively hiring, the specific opportunities depend on our current needs. What's something that you love about Finergreen? Are there team bonding activities or anything specific that stands out for you? Everyone is incredibly friendly, and there's practically no sense of hierarchy. The atmosphere is collaborative. And people are always willing to help. The colleagues are truly amazing, super nice, and always ready to assist, even if they're busy. The organizational structure is excellent, extending from top management. When you're working on a deal, everyone is well-aware of what you're doing, and they check in to see if you need more tasks or even if you need fewer. Even at the intern level, you feel highly involved in the team, and they treat you with the same consideration as an analyst, which is really cool. To wrap up, could you share a piece of advice that you've received and that you would like to pass on to other students? Absolutely. The best advice I've received is to be proactive and genuinely love what you do. With that mindset, everything tends to fall into place. Looking to get a decisive edge in your corporate finance interviews? Consider the Training You platform, founded by 2 ex-Lazard bankers, which has helped more than 8,000 students secure their dream jobs since 2019  Discover our packs

For many a university student aspiring towards a career in investment banking, barely has the summer passed than their thoughts have turned to spring. More precisely: to a spring week, as we enter into the height of application season. And no wonder. In a sector that is notoriously difficult to break into, a spring internship is the perfect – pardon the pun – springboard to a dream career in investment banking. You get to explore the investment banking industry from the inside, to learn from bankers while shadowing them, and – crucially – to potentially get on the fast track to obtaining a summer internship. In this article, we delve deep into spring weeks and answer all your key questions: the purpose of these programmes, just who is eligible to apply, the application process, and the importance of spring weeks as a means of gaining valuable industry exposure and an edge in your future applications. Understanding the Spring Week While spring week programmes, or spring insight programmes, are organised by banks throughout the EMEA region, they are particularly established in London. They typically take place during the months of March and April. These programmes are intended for students who are at the start of their university education and curious about a career in finance. Concretely, this means that students enrolled in a 3-year Bachelor’s would only be eligible to apply in their first year of university, whereas those in a 4-year programme can apply if they are in their first two years of studies. For students studying in a Grande Ecole in France, you would be able to apply for a Spring week if you are currently at a L3 or M1 level. A particularity of Spring programmes in London is the fact that there are certain programmes reserved or targeted at specific categories of individuals, such as women-only programmes, ‘Black heritage’ programmes or SEO London-affiliated programmes. Given the audience and the introductory nature of the programme, most spring weeks will provide participants with a broad overview of the different divisions within a given bank. There are however exceptions. Banks such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Bank of America and Barclays will ask that you select a specific area to focus on (typically “investment banking”, “global markets” or “operations”). It is thus important to read up on the different divisions within each bank when making out your applications, so that you make an informed decision. Why apply for a Spring Week Before going into the application process for Spring weeks, it might be germane to speak first about why you should apply for them. Quite apart from all the insights and experience that you will acquire over the course of the 4-days (covered in more detail below), the Spring week is an excellent opportunity to be fast-tracked through the recruitment process of the bank. Spring participants identified by banks as high-potential candidates are typically invited directly to the assessment center for summer internships. That’s right: performing well during your spring programme could mean your entering into the final recruitment round for a summer internship without going through the daunting prior application stages (online applications, psychometric tests, phone interviews). With certain banks, you could potentially even receive – though this is relatively rare - an immediate summer internship offer at the end of your spring insight programme. Given that most banks in the UK recruit their pool of full-time analysts almost exclusively through summer internships, your chances of beginning a full-time career in investment banking is thus that much higher. Read: Securing a Summer internship in Investment Banking: What You Need to Know Students should therefore apply for spring insight programmes because they could be a significant career accelerator. The Spring application Process: steps and requirements The application process for Spring insight programmes is fairly standardized in the industry. Though there might be slight differences from bank to bank. CV and cover letter The first step is the submission of an online application, beginning with the CV and cover letter. Here, your CV should respect industry best practices: 1-page at the most, covering the following areas: your educational background (do mention relevant coursework), extracurricular activities and any prior work experience. The same applies for your cover letter. Apart from ensuring that the document is well-formatted, make sure to convey your interest in investment banking, your motivation for applying to the insight programme in the particular bank, and to highlight any relevant skills or experiences that you possess. A great way to stand out from the other applications is to mention any interactions or conversations that you have had with a banker of the firm, that helped you better understand the workings of the industry, and that reinforced your keenness to learn more about the bank. Finally, as part of the online application, you may be asked to respond to a series of competency-based questions. Psychometric tests The second step of the process would be a battery of psychometric tests assessing your facility with numerical, verbal and logical reasoning. Preparing for these in advance is crucial – the level of competition for places mean that the passing threshold is high. Consult our dedicated course on acing the online psychometric tests. Interviews and assessment centers Candidates who clear the first 2 steps will then be invited for a phone and/or video interview. These interviews provide an opportunity for the bank to better assess your motivation, communication skills, and suitability for the programme. Assessment centers, consisting of group exercises and individual interviews, may also be organized by some banks to assess your abilities to work effectively in a team, to think critically and to break down and resolve problem. How best to prepare for the Spring application process? As mentioned, your CV and cover letter must be impeccable and respect the industry best practices. Concerning the psychometric tests (perhaps the step most daunting for students, and at which most candidates are eliminated), there is no secret: practice, practice and more practice, so that you are at ease with the different types of question and working through them under time pressure. As for the interviews, the most important aspect here for Spring programmes is your fit. Being at ease with answering competency-based questions, a staple of interviews in London, would help. Beyond that, what is key is showing yourself to be a well-rounded individual with a genuine interest in investment banking. An important point about the Spring internship process – and the difference vis-à-vis summer internship applications – is that there is far less emphasis of technical questions. For good reason, since the spring insight programmes are discovery programmes, intended expressly for students looking for, quite frequently, their first exposure to the industry. For this reason, prior experience in finance is far from a decisive factor for banks when considering candidates. What they look out for, and what you should thus seek to put forward, in your CV and your answers during interviews, is your level of motivation and the extent to which you are a well-rounded individual. The process is very selective. By way of illustration, there would typically be more than 4,000 applicants for the 50/60 available spots in the Goldman Sachs spring insight programme. Given that recruitment is on a rolling basis, it is imperative that you apply as soon as possible. (Check out our application tracker where we list the open Spring programmes and deadlines for each bank) The Spring Week experience While the precise organisation of the Spring week will naturally vary from bank to bank, the core programme will center around 3 key elements. Presentations The first would be presentations. You will begin typically with an introduction to the bank and an overview of the industry. And across the week, you will be attending presentations by different teams within the bank. Objective ? To familiarize you with the bank’s operations and organization. Workshops and exercises The second element would be workshops and exercises – both individual and collective. The aim of these activities is two-fold: to give you a taste of the work in the division, and to allow bankers and HR to assess your suitability for a further role in the bank (through a summer internship). As an example of the exercises that you might encounter, certain banks set spring participants an individual case study to work on, that would be presented in front of a panel at the end of the week. Networking Finally, the third element is networking. Social events – breakfasts, fireside chats, afterwork drinks - are organised with the aim of enabling Spring participants to meet and build relationships with fellow interns and bankers, and to begin establishing valuable connections within the industry. It is important to make the most of this stay. It would be a shame to secure a place in a Spring insight programme and subsequently squander it. Invest your time in the programme smartly. The Spring programme is finally an extended 4-day interview. Put your best foot forward. Be the sort of colleague that you would love to have: someone sincere, sociable, and motivated. The strongest candidates are those who are succeed in establishing genuine and meaningful relationships with the people they meet, and who show an eagerness to learn. For those of you who might already have an idea going into the Spring programme about the team that you would like to join on a summer internship, take advantage of the valuable opportunity to network with members of the team. Conclusion : Do you want to prepare for a Spring Week ?  Investment banking spring weeks serve as a wonderful stepping stone for students seeking early exposure and experience in the industry. By participating in these programmes, you increase your knowledge of the given bank and broader industry, begin building relationships with industry professionals, and potentially accelerate your career by being fast-tracked for a summer internship. In short, the Spring insight programme is a wonderful opportunity. Your job right now is to be in the best position to seize it. That's where Training You comes into play – we are the leading interview preparation platform for investment banking internships. Our Summer Pack provides you with all that is necessary to succeed in your applications and to begin your dream career in investment banking Discover the Summer Preparation Pack 

Looking for a summer internship? We delve deep into the subject, shining a spotlight on the essentials required to secure a summer analyst role in investment banking. Let's start with an unequivocal fact: the application process for a summer internship is very competitive. The statistics shared by banks speak volumes about the intensity of the competition and challenge faced by candidates. Consider, for instance, the application and admission numbers from banks such as Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan. The former received, in 2022, more than 200,000 applications globally for a mere 3,000 positions: effectively a 1.5% acceptance rate. This was roughly twice the acceptance rate for J.P. Morgan, where 54,000 candidates applied for 480 openings in the investment banking division: just 0.9% of them received offers. Securing an offer is therefore hard. These figures underscore the importance of proper preparation. Success on this application journey is by no means a result of pure chance; rather, it is achieved through a blend of skills, knowledge, and strategic prowess. In this article, we break down what it takes to obtain a dream role as a summer intern in an investment bank, providing you with insights that will transform the seemingly insurmountable odds into a distinctly attainable opportunity. Let’s start with the basics: What is a summer internship? Summer internship : a short but intense programme Summer internships are 8 to 10 week-long programmes offered by investment banks principally in Anglophone geographies (i.e. the UK, the US, Hong Kong and Singapore). They offer interns, viewed as future hires, an invaluable glimpse into the inner workings of the bank and the broader industry. In general, especially for the bigger banks, an intern will be attached to a specific team for the duration of the internship, unlike during the more introductory Spring internships, where interns shadow bankers across a variety of teams. Thus, as a summer intern, you might be working in the ECM or DCM team, or indeed a particular sector team within the bank’s investment banking division (e.g. the Global Industrial Group in Morgan Stanley, or the TMT team at Barclays). (We will talk more about how you select your sector team - or how one picks you - in a forthcoming article) Summer internships are thus an immersive opportunity enabling you to discover the bank and sector. Indeed, as an intern you will be considered a full member of the team – with all the exposure and responsibilities that that entails. Banks also use the programme to assess the suitability of the interns for a full-time position with them; high performing interns will be offered a full-time offer at the end of their internships. Summer internship : the best way to get a full-time Indeed, herein lies a key difference between the recruitment process for an investment bank in Anglophone geographies and continental Europe. For the former, the summer internship programme is the main route through which banks recruit their pool of full-time analysts. In contrast, summer internships are comparatively rare in continental Europe (though notable exceptions do exist, for example Goldman Sachs offering a summer internship programme in Paris); banks tend to offer off-cycle internship programmes lasting 6 months, from which most of their full-time analysts are recruited. What do summer interns in investment banking do? Broadly, what you will do as a summer intern will consist of 2 things: Work As a full member of the team, you will be involved in the execution or origination of mandates by helping to assist in coordinating various aspects of the deal process, such as scheduling meetings and tracking progress. You also will ensure that all parties involved are aligned and informed, by communicating with clients, legal teams, and other stakeholders to gather information, provide them with updates, and address any questions or concerns. Apart from the (essential) logistical and administrative process of deals, you will also work on market research and the preparation of documents – either pitches in the context of origination, or marketing documents for live deals (Teasers, Information Memorandums, Management Presentations etc). Depending on your facility with Excel, you may also be asked to help with financial modelling. Network Networking – the building of professional relationships with colleagues across the bank – is a crucial aspect of a summer internship. It is best to consider the summer internship as an extended interview spanning 8-10 weeks, during which you will have the chance to showcase, beyond your capacity for good work – your interpersonal skills, motivation, and fit within the team and the bank's culture. Banks are also proactive in facilitating the networking of their summer interns throughout the programme, by organising events (breakfasts, fireside chats, afterwork drinks) allowing interns to connect with their colleagues throughout the bank. It is crucial, as a summer intern, to actively make the most of these occasions. Effective networking can lead to strong advocates who can vouch for your performance and contribute to your chances of receiving a job offer after the internship concludes. Why apply for a summer internship? Summer internships offer benefits that extend far beyond an introduction – important in itself – to the world of investment banking: Skill development A summer internship programme is an accelerated learning experience offering the chance for significant professional and personal growth. You will be working on live transactions, honing the skills and knowledge acquired in the classroom under the guidance of industry professionals with significant levels of experience. More than the hard skills in financial analysis and modelling, you will also refine your soft skills – your ability to communicate clearly and effectively (with colleagues and clients), rigour in all that you do, and the ability to remain calm under pressure Enhanced career pathways The summer internship offers the possibility of securing a full-time offer. However, if you do decide to pursue other opportunities outside the bank after your internship, the sheer fact of having obtained a summer position in investment banking – after a highly competitive process – is a mark of excellence on your CV, and will open doors in terms of future career options. As a signal of your potential, it therefore increases your employability Financial rewards Summer internships often come with more than competitive salaries. For the duration of the internship, you will be considered as a full time analyst and be compensated accordingly. At the time of writing, Glassdoor notes that the average summer analyst base salary in London is around £60,000/year, meaning that you will get the prorated amount for your 8 to 10 weeks stay. When should you apply for a summer internship? It is crucial to plan ahead because the recruitment process for analyst summer internships begin 6 months to one year in advance of the start date. (Thus: applications for a summer internship in 2024 typically open from August 2023). Banks open these positions for students in their penultimate (i.e. second last) year of university, meaning that the internship will take place in the summer before your final year. And if you successfully secure a return offer, you will begin work as a full-time analyst immediately after your studies (thus avoiding the stress of applying for jobs post-graduation). You should be keenly aware of the opening application dates across the different banks. Given that most of banks and boutiques hire on a rolling basis, it is crucial to make out your application as soon as possible since banks close the recruitment process once they fill up their internship spots. In order not to miss out on any application, follow all the deadlines in our dedicated Spring and Summer internship tracker. The application process for a summer internship The application process for positions in the banking sector generally comprises 4 main steps. Each step evaluates different aspects of your qualifications and suitability for the role. We outline these steps in detail below. Summer internship : Online application The first step involves applying through the bank's official website. Basic personal information and your CV are typically required. Some banks might also request a cover letter or responses to specific written questions (typically competency-based questions, or questions assessing your level of motivation and knowledge of the sector). Summer internship : Online tests and Hirevue interview The second step commonly entails online tests, a critical stage where many candidates are screened (and eliminated). The nature of these tests can vary among banks but generally includes logical reasoning, verbal reasoning, personality profiling, and situational judgment assessments. Some banks may also use a HireVue interview at this point. In a HireVue interview, you record video responses to several questions (again, either competency-based or motivation-based questions). You're given around 30 seconds to prepare and 90 seconds to deliver your response. Prior preparation is therefore crucial. Summer internship : First round phone/video interview(s) Upon successfully passing the online tests, you will progress to the next stage, which often involves video or phone interviews with bank recruiters. These interviews serve as an opportunity for recruiters to learn more about your motivations for applying. You can anticipate questions related to your fit for the role, competency-based inquiries, and strengths-based assessments. These interviews are particularly important in assessing your alignment with the bank's values and culture.We note that the recruitment process for investment banking summer internships in Anglophone geographies tend to be slightly less technical than that of off-cycle internships (since they are open to individuals without any prior background in finance). However, this does also depend on the profile of the individual candidate: if you have indicated knowledge and or experience in Corporate Finance on your CV, fully expect to be tested by the recruiter, who would be seeking to assess the extent of the knowledge that you have acquired. Summer internship : Assessment center The final step in the application process is the assessment centre. Here, you will participate in various activities that give the bank deeper insights into your abilities and qualifications. These characteristically consists of a case study (often done in group, though it can at times be assigned on an individual basis), a series of one-on-one interviews with bankers, and a retaking of the online tests (only at times and for certain candidates).It is at the assessment centre where a bank has the opportunity to extensively evaluate your competencies and overall suitability for the position.(We will be publishing imminently an in-depth piece on the Assessment Center) While the application process described above is relatively consistent across banks, there can be differences from one institution to another that candidates should take note of. (Not to mention the fact that the process within banks can evolve over time.) For instance, the Morgan Stanley summer application process in 2022 included the submission of a CV and cover letter, an online test, a telephone interview, a video interview, and finally, an assessment centre. In comparison, Evercore's process comprised a CV and cover letter submission, a HireVue test, 2 telephone interviews, and then an assessment centre. It is worth highlighting again the distinction between the recruitment process for summer internships and that of off-cycle internships. For summer internships, the focus tends to lean more towards fit and behavioural aspects rather than technical expertise, with an emphasis on competency-based questions. Recruiters aim to understand you as an individual and your alignment with the bank's values. In contrast, interviews for off-cycle internships (in Anglophone geographies and continental Europe) will carry a higher technical component. How to prepare for summer internships? Optimising your CV and cover letter You will need to tailor your CV to highlight relevant experiences, skills, and achievements as well as quantify, to the extent possible, your accomplishments with specific numbers and data. Be results-driven: showcase the impact of your actions and the results.You should also emphasise your academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and any related coursework. Consider what skills and attributes the banks are looking for in a candidate and highlight them. Your CV should match the company and role that you are applying for, so, use specific keywords and tailor your CV accordingly. Craft a compelling cover letter that demonstrates your motivation, alignment with the bank's values, and a clear understanding of the industry. It will not do to simply restate what has already been written on your CV, and to give generic reasons for wanting to work in the company that could apply to basically any firm. Show that you know exactly why you want to join the firm and why you will be a good fit with the company and its culture. (Here, stand out by citing conversations that you have had with employees that have reaffirmed your motivation for joining the company) Preparing for online tests The key to succeeding in online tests is familiarising yourself with the types of tests used by the bank as well as the test provider. Most banks will require you to take a numerical, verbal and logical test. Some may also include, within the battery of online assessments, a situational test and even a Pymetrics test.Not only do you need to respect the time limit imposed on each test, the threshold for passing on to the next round is also high. Given that the number of applicants typically far exceeds the number of places available, banks can afford to select only the very best-performing candidates (in which case, 15/20 on a numerical reasoning test, while an entirely respectable score, may not suffice to pass on to the next round). Practice is thus vital. To gain an insight into the different types of psychometric tests and to hone your skills on them, consult the Summer Pack where you have a dedicated module delving into the battery of psychometric tests set by investment banks, as well as a bank of more than 200 test questions with full explanations provided for each of them. Preparing for Competency-Based Questions (spoken and written) To succeed at this stage you will need to understand the core competencies the bank is looking for and tailor your answers accordingly: be smart. Use the STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) method to structure your thoughts and answers: be sharp. You should be able to provide specific examples that showcase your skills, experiences, and values that you might or might not mention in your CV and cover letter: be prepared. Prepare stories that highlight teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, and adaptability: be a master of storytelling. Revising your Technicals While the summer internship application process is in general less technical than the off-cycle internship process, you should be equipped with a good working technical knowledge (especially if you have indicated prior experience in corporate finance on your CV). For roles in investment banking, you will need to be fluent in accounting, the EV-EQ bridge, valuation methods, merger analysis and LBO. Do note that being conversant and knowledgeable about industry trends is also important – to demonstrate that your motivation for working in the sector is genuine. Thus, if you are interviewing with the ECM team, it is important to be up to date with the latest IPO trends and deals. If you are interviewing with the M&A team, make sure that you are able to discuss recent deals, especially those that the bank advised on. Acing the Assessment Center As mentioned, the Assessment Center, the final step in the recruitment process, is an extended exercise consisting of, among other things, interviews and group activities (very often a case study). You will need to showcase effective communication and a strong capacity for collaboration during group activities. For individual case studies, focus on structured problem-solving and a clear presentation of your analysis. Demonstrate your ability to work under pressure, adapt to changing situations, and provide well-reasoned solutions.Keep in mind that different investment banks may place varying degrees of emphasis on each step. It is therefore essential to research each bank's specific requirements and values to tailor your approach accordingly. Dedicate time to thorough preparation, stay updated on industry news, and engage in networking opportunities to enhance your chances of securing a summer internship in the competitive world of investment banking. And above all be bright, bold, presentable and show that you have a genuine interest for the job you are applying to. Looking to ace your summer applications? A summer internship guarantees three things: a steep learning curve, building a professional network within the bank, and above all, the almost certainty of interesting opportunities. Adding this experience to your CV significantly enhances your profile. Securing a summer is indeed challenging but far from impossible – if you are motivated and put in the right preparation. To get an edge in your application, take up our Summer Pack, which provides you with actionable insight and guidance on every step of the recruitment process. It is a programme with a single objective: to help you secure the internship of your dreams! Discover the Summer Preparation Pack